英文課程
 
 
Lesson 16 : Adverb
 

§ Adverb

在英文十類單詞中,副詞 Adverb 是其中一類。
什麼是副詞?副詞是用來形容動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子
的詞。
注意事項:
1. 有些單詞既是副詞,亦是形容詞。當屬於不同詞類時,意義
   可能不同。
 例如:
         
  He studies hard for the test.
  ﹝他為了考試努力學習。﹞﹝副﹞
         
  Stone is hard.
  ﹝石頭是硬的。﹞﹝形﹞

  This is a hard question.
  ﹝這是一條難題。﹞﹝形﹞ 
      
* "hard"屬副詞時,解作「勤力」;屬形容詞時,解作「硬」、「難」。 
      
  You speak English very well.
  ﹝你說英文說得非常好。﹞﹝副﹞
  *"well"與"very"都是副詞;"well"形容"speak","very"形容"well"。
   不能說:"You speak English very good."因為"good"是形容詞,不能
   形容"speak"。
  He is well.
  ﹝他健康無恙。﹞﹝形﹞

  *"well"屬副詞時,解作「好」;屬形容詞時,解作「健康」。


2. 同一個副詞放於句中的不同位置,則所形容的對象會有不同,
   而整個句子的義意亦有分別。 
                            
 例如:
         
  He did not die happily.
  ﹝他死得不安樂。﹞
  *"happily"形容"die"。
  Happily he did not die.
  ﹝他幸好不死。﹞

  *"happily"形容整個句子。 
                      
3. 當表示時間和地點的副詞同時在句中靠緊出現時,地點副詞
   在前,時間副詞在後。
 例如:
         
  He will go there tomorrow.
  *"will"是助動詞,幫助說明「將來」。
  *"there"是地點副詞,"tomorrow"是時間副詞。
  She will come here tonight.
  *"here"是地點副詞,"tonight"是時間副詞。          

4. "very"這個副詞可以用來形容形容詞及其他副詞,但不能
   用來形容動詞。
 例如:
         
  The teacher is very kind.
  I love you very. ﹝錯﹞

  I very love you. ﹝錯﹞
  *"very"不能形容"love"。
  I love you very much. ﹝對﹞

  I much love you. ﹝對﹞
5. 表示事情出現次數多少的副詞,稱為「頻率副詞」Adverb of
   Frequency。
 常見的有:
頻率副詞
%
意義相當的短語
always 總是
100 %
all of the time
usually 通常
-
most of the time
often 時常
-
much of the time
-
50 %
-
sometimes 有時
-
some of the time
seldom 很少
-
hardly ever
never 從不
0 %
not ever
 例如:
         
  He always comes here for lunch.
  He usually comes here for lunch.
         
  He often comes here for lunch.
  He sometimes comes here for lunch.
         
  He seldom comes here for lunch.
         
  He never comes here for lunch.
 ※頻率副詞所放的位置通常有四種情況:

  (1) 在主語後面:
      He always comes here for lunch.

  (2) 在主語前面:
      Usually he comes here for lunch.
         
  (3) 在一般動詞後面:
      She is sometimes late.
         
  (4) 在助動詞與一般動詞之間:
      She can sometimes walk to school.
 ※表示確定次數的頻率副詞有:

  once, twice, three times, four times …
         
  I visit my parents once in a week.
  I visit my parents twice in a week.
         
  I visit my parents three times in a week.
         
  I visit my parents four times in a week.

6. 表示疑問的副詞,稱「疑問副詞」Interrogative Adverb。
   有:when, where, why, how。
         
 例如:
         
  When do you go?      
  I go tomorrow.
 
  *"when"形容"go"。   
  Where do you go?
  I go to Hong Kong.
  Why do you go?
  I go to visit my parents.
  How do you go?
  I go by bus.


7. 某些在動詞後的副詞和在動詞後的介詞很易混淆,分別是:
   副詞可放在賓語之後,介詞不可。
 例如:
         
  He turns over the page. / He turns the page over.
  ﹝"over"是副詞。﹞
  A fly crawls over the page. 
  ﹝"over"是介詞。﹞
  She puts down her pen. / She puts her pen down. 
  ﹝"down"是副詞。﹞
  The dog runs down the street. 
  ﹝"down"是介詞。﹞

                

附錄:副詞體 Adverbial Object

有些名詞可用來形容動詞、形容詞或副詞,其功能有如副詞,
稱為「副詞體」。
         
例如:
         
  The child is ten years old.
  *"years"是副詞體。
  This river is ten miles long.
  Your stick is two inches too long.
  ﹝你的手杖長了兩吋。﹞
  *"too"是副詞,"inches"是副詞體。
  Your skirt is an inch too short.
  ﹝你的裙短了一吋。﹞

  *"inch"是副詞體。
  This book is worth ten dollars.
  *"worth"是形容詞,"dollars"是副詞體。
  This ring is not worth buying.
  *"buy"是動詞,加"ing"成名詞。
  She lives next door.
  *"door"是副詞體。
  He always travels second class.
  ﹝他總坐二等座位旅行。﹞
  *"class"是副詞體。

                

練習

翻譯:
         
1. 約翰有一本很大的書。
2. 你的手杖太長。
3. 他說話很慢。
4. 我時常收到我妹妹的信。
5. 他為什麼不來?
6. 你在何處學習英文?
7. 那個美麗的女孩再歌唱。
8. 我們很早起床而晚上很遲睡覺。
9. 他的女兒在哪裏歌唱?
10. 你的父親何時往香港?