英文課程
 
 
Lesson 40 : Some Uses of Infinitive
 

§ Some Uses of Infinitive

不定詞或不定詞短語跟某些單詞連用,有特殊的意義。 
1. 表示「能夠」
    
    形態:be + able + infinitive
例如:
  I can speak English.
  I am able to speak English.
  I cannot speak English.
  I am not able to speak English.
  I am unable to speak English.
  I could speak English last year.
  I was able to speak English last year.
  I could not speak English last year.
  I was not able to speak English last year.
  I was unable to speak English last year.
※ "can + root form" 和 "could + root form" 只能表示
   一般現在時態及一般過去時態,其他時態就不能表示了。
   若要表示,就要用 "be + able + infinitive"。例如:
         
  When shall I be able to speak English?
  You will be able to speak English next year.
  Has your baby been able to walk by himself now?
2. 表示「必須」
         
    形態:have + infinitive
例如:
  You must go.
  You have to go.
  * "have to" 好比 "must"。
※ "must + root form" 只能表示一般現在時態及一般過去時態,
   其他時態就不能表示了。
   若要表示,就要用 "have + to + infinitive"。例如:
  You had to go to school yesterday.
  * "had to" 好比 "must" 的一般過去時態。
  You will have to serve in the army next year.
  You have had to go to school now. Why are you still 
  playing ball here?
  * "have had to" 表示現在完成時態。
3. 表示「從﹝何處﹞做﹝什麼﹞回來」
         
    形態:have been + to (place) + infinitive
例如:
  I have been to Kowloon Bay to visit my grandmother.
  ﹝我從九龍灣探訪我的祖母回來。﹞
  I have been to the airport to see my friend off.
  ﹝我從機場送我朋友的機回來。﹞
4. 表示「安排好的將來」
         
    形態:be + infinitive
例如:
  I am to go to the movies tonight.
  We are to be married in May.
5. 表示「快將發生的將來」

    形態:be + going + infinitive
例如:
  It is going to rain soon.
  He is going to leave tomorrow.
6. 表示「即將發生的將來」
         
    形態:be + about + infinitive
例如:
  The plane is about to start.
  I am about to resign my position.
  * "be going to" 和 "be about to" 都有「快將」或「即將」之意。
    前者較口語,多用於日常會話中;後者較文言,多用於文章中。
※ 表示「將來」的說法有多種:
 1. I study English tomorrow.
    ﹝用 Simple Present Tense加上表示將來的副詞表示。﹞
 2. I shall study English.
    ﹝表示純粹的將來。﹞
 3. I will study English.
    ﹝表示「主角意願」的將來。﹞
 4. I am to study English.
    ﹝表示安排好的將來。﹞
 5. I am going to study English.
    ﹝表示快將發生的將來。﹞
 6. I am about to study English.
    ﹝表示即將發生的將來。﹞

練習

翻譯

1. 你的弟能繪畫嗎?
2. 你必須學習英文文法。
3. 我安排明年赴美國學習數學。
4. 你十六歲那年,你必須供養你的妹妹嗎?
5. 我昨天不能幫助你,但今天我能幫助你了。
6. 他的兒子明年能夠寫流暢的信了。
7. 因為我病了,你必須立刻通知他們我不能去了。
8. 他的父親快將起程赴星加坡。
9. 他即將探訪他的姑媽嗎?
10. 我從書局買了一些書回來。