寫出簡明的句子
Writing Concise Sentences
不管一個句子是由兩個字還是兩百個字所構成,它必定是一部精明幹練、充滿思想的機器。以下為一些可以讓你的寫作簡明扼要、言簡意賅的訣竅。 |
瘦身減肥、消除贅肉 | |
相同的事情不要說兩次 | |
Many uneducated citizens |
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累贅的片語是寫作的壞習慣,將使你寫出來的句子有如老太婆的裹腳布又臭又長,軟弱無力。注意下面的片語: |
贅肉版 |
瘦身版 |
12 midnight | midnight |
12 noon | noon |
3 am in the morning | 3 am |
absolutely spectacular/phenomenal |
spectacular/phenomenal |
a person who is honest | an honest person |
a total of 14 birds | 14 birds |
biography of her life | biography |
circle around | circle |
close proximity | proximity |
completely unanimous | unanimous |
consensus of opinion | consensus |
cooperate together | cooperate |
each and every | each |
enclosed herewith | enclosed |
end result | result |
exactly the same | the same |
final completion | completion |
frank and honest exchange | frank exchange or honest exchange |
free gift | gift |
he/she is a person who . . . | he/she |
important/basic essentials | essentials |
in spite of the fact that | although |
in the field of economics/law enforcement |
in economics/law enforcement |
in the event that | if |
job functions | job or functions |
new innovations | innovations |
one and the same | the same |
particular interest | interest |
period of four days | four days |
personally, I think/feel | I think/feel |
personal opinion | opinion |
puzzling in nature | puzzling |
refer back | refer |
repeat again | repeat |
return again | return |
revert back | revert |
shorter/longer in length | shorter/longer |
small/large in size | small/large |
square/round/rectangular in shape | square/round/rectangular |
summarize briefly | summarize |
surrounded on all sides | surrounded |
surrounding circumstances | circumstances |
the future to come | the future |
there is no doubt but that | no doubt |
usual/habitual custom | custom |
we are in receipt of | we have received |
縮寫的冗贅 由於在日益科技化的世界,我們越來越仰賴縮寫 (abbreviations)和頭字語 (acronyms),一種特殊的冗贅正在我們現代世界中擴散蔓延。"ATM machine" 是冗贅的說法,因為 ATM 就是 Automated Teller Machine (自動提款機) 的縮寫。同理,"HIV virus" 和 " AIDS syndrome" 亦是冗贅的說法,因為 HIV 意謂 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (人類免疫不足病毒__愛滋病毒),而 AIDS 意謂 Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (後天免疫不足症候群__愛滋病);"CPU unit" 亦然,因為 CPU 意謂 Central Processing Unit (中央處理器)。當我們以 "CPU units" 來表示複數時,這聽起來特別可笑,因為這不就變成了 Central Processing Unit units。所以,當我們在演說 (尤其是在正式寫作中) 使用縮寫或頭字語時,最好事先弄懂各個字母的意思,以免製造新的冗贅。 |
可以省略的片語 | |
特別注意對句子的意思沒有任何助益的片語;這些片語會立即讓讀者提防寫作者的吹噓、胡謅,更糟糕的是,它們讓讀者昏昏欲睡。 |
all things considered | All things considered, Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape
now than ever before. |
as a matter of fact | As a matter of fact, there are more woodlands in Connecticut now
than there were in 1898. |
as far as I'm concerned | As far as I'm concerned, there is no need for further protection of
woodlands. |
at the present time | This is because there are fewer farmers at the present time. This is because there are fewer farmers now. |
because of the fact that | Woodlands have grown in area because of the fact that farmers have
abandoned their fields. Woodlands have grown in area because farmers have abandoned their fields. |
by means of | Major forest areas are coming back by means of natural processes. Major forest areas are coming back through natural processes. (or naturally) |
by virtue of the fact that | Our woodlands are coming back by virtue of the fact that our economy
has shifted its emphasis. Our woodlands are coming back |
due to the fact that | Due to the fact that their habitats are being restored, forest
creatures are also re-establishing their population bases. |
exists | The fear that exists among many people that we are losing our
woodlands is uncalled for. The fear |
for all intents and purposes | The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has, for
all intents and purposes, passed. The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has |
for the most part | For the most part, people's suspicions are based on a
misunderstanding of the facts. |
for the purpose of | Many woodlands, in fact, have been purchased for the purpose of
creating public parks. Many woodlands, in fact, have been purchased |
have a tendency to | This policy has a tendency to isolate some communities. This policy |
in a manner of speaking | The policy has, in a manner of speaking, begun to Balkanize the more rural
parts of our state. The policy has |
in a very real sense | In a very real sense, this policy works to the detriment of those it
is supposed to help. |
in my opinion | In my opinion, this wasteful policy ought to be revoked. |
in the case of | In the case of this particular policy, citizens of northeast
Connecticut became very upset. Citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset about his policy. |
in the final analysis | In the final analysis, the state would have been better off without
such a policy. |
in the event that | In the event that enough people protest, it will probably be
revoked. If enough people protest, it will probably be revoked. |
in the nature of | Something in the nature of a repeal may soon take place. Something |
in the process of | Legislators are already in the process of reviewing the statutes. Legislators are already |
it seems that | It seems that they can't wait to get rid of this one. |
manner | They have monitored the activities of conservationists in a cautious
manner. They have cautiously monitored the activities of conservationists. |
the point I am trying to make | The point I am trying to make is that sometimes public policy
doesn't accomplish what it set out to achieve. |
type of | Legislators need to be more careful of the type of policy they
propose. Legislators need to be more careful of the |
what I mean to say is | What I mean to say is that well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make
fools of themselves. |
將子句減化為片語,將片語減化為單字 | |
注意可以減化為更簡單、更簡短結構的子句或片語;「which子句」通常可以減化為簡單的形容詞。然而,請注意別因過份減化而失去必要的強調。 "which"這個字有時是必要的,別把它當成眼中釘,欲除之而後快。 |
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片語有時也可減化為單一個字。
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沒有加強語氣效果的副詞 | |
不必要時,避免使用 really, very, quite, extremely, severely 等字。我們只要說 "the salary increase is inadequate." 就夠了。如果說 "it is severely inadequate." 可能給人一種歇斯底里的感覺。這些字眼不應從你的字彙中刪除,但少用時反而可達到最佳的效果。 |
避免虛字 (假主詞) 結構 | |
這聽起來好像是政治人物必須學習來避免的事物,非也!以 there is/are 或 it is 做開頭的虛字結構 (expletive construction) 往往使句子的能量喪失,軟趴趴地無力表現句子的中心意旨。 |
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