英文課程
 
 
Lesson 32 : Past Perfect Tense
 

§ Past Perfect Tense

動詞的過去完成時態的形態是:had + 動詞的過去分詞
動詞的過去完成時態表示:

    過去某一時間之前已經完成的動作或狀態
使用這種時態,多會涉及兩個動作或狀態。一個在前,一個在後。
敘述前面的動作或狀態,動詞要用過去完成時態;敘述後面的動作
或狀態,動詞要用一般過去時態。

例如:
         
  I had taken my supper when he arrived.
  ﹝當他到達時,我已吃完我的晚餐。﹞
※ 上述句子涉及兩個動作,一是「他到達」,二是「我吃晚餐」。
   「我吃晚餐」在前,要用過去完成時態;「他到達」在後,要用
   一般過去時態。
         
※ "I had taken my supper" 是主句, "when he arrived" 是從句
   ﹝副詞從句﹞。
         
※ 圖示:

            過去         現在          將來
  _________________________│__________________________
        │           │
    past perfect       simple past
  Had you finished your work when I visited you yesterday?
  When I reached the station, the train had already started.
  He said that his father had returned to America.
  After I had done my work, I played tennis.
※ 若用了 "After" 這個詞,可不用過去完成時態,因已有「之後」
   的含意。即:
         
  After I did my work, I played tennis.
   在這種情況下,"After I did my work"是: 
     " Simple past Tense in form, but past perfect Tense in meaning."
  ﹝形式上是一般過去時態,但意義上是過去完成時態﹞
   同樣,I had seen your father before I went.亦可寫成:
         
  I saw your father before I went.
用英文表示「我看電視之前已完成功課」,可以有多種方式:
        
1. When I had finished my homework, I watched television.
2. I had finished my homework when I watched television.
3. I had finished my homework before I watched television.
4. I finished my homework before I watched television.
5. After I had finished my homework, I watched television.
6. After I finished my homework, I watched television.
7. I finished my homework and I watched television.
  ﹝時間順序法﹞
※ 「時間順序法」:按事件的先後次序連接起來。
   如果涉及三件或以上的事件,就更需要用這種方法了。例如:

 I reached the station, the bell rang and the train started.

練習

翻譯
         
1. 昨晚當那個賊偷我的東西時,我已睡了三小時。
2. 當他回來時,他的父親已死了是不真確的。
3. 他昨天知道我已尋回我於上星期失去的手錶。
4. 他說他的父親昨天己歸家了。
5. 我不相信學校已開課。
6. 在你認識他之前,他已成為著名的科學家了。
7. 我到來之前,曾見過你的母親。
8. 我記得你在上海已住了三年。
9. 昨天當我在廚房時,你是否已完成你的功課?
10. 我在他離開之後到達。